Fact About Cervical Cancer in Female
There are five main types of cancer that affect a woman’s reproductive organs: cervical, ovarian, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar. As a group, they are referred to as gynecologic (GY-neh-kuh-LAH-jik) cancer. (A sixth type of gynecologic cancer is the very rare fallopian tube cancer
What is cervical cancer?
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the body grow out of control. Cancer is always named for the part of the body where it starts, even if it spreads to other body parts later
When cancer starts in the cervix, it is called cervical cancer. The cervix is the lower, narrow end of the uterus.
cervical cancer is the easiest gynecologic cancer to prevent with regular screening tests and follow-up. It also is highly curable when found and treated early..
Who gets cervical cancer?
All women are at risk for cervicalcancer. It occurs most often in women over age 30. Each year, more than72000 women in India die due to cervical cancer
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer. HPV is a common virus that ispassed from one person to another during sex. At least half of sexually active people will have HPV at some point in their lives, but few women will get cervical cancer.
What are the symptoms?
Early on, cervical cancer may not cause signs and symptoms. Advanced cervical cancer may cause bleeding or discharge from the vagina that is not normal for you, such as bleeding after sex. If you have any of these signs, see your doctor. They may be caused by something other than cancer, but the only way to know is to see your doctor.
Are there tests that can prevent cervical cancer or find it early?
There are two tests that can either help prevent cervical cancer or find it early:
- The Pap test (or Pap smear) looks for precancers, cell changes, on the cervix that can be treated, so that cervical cancer is prevented. The Pap test also can find cervical cancer early, when treatment is most effective. The Pap test is recommended for women aged21-65 years old.
The Pap test only screens for cervical cancer. It does not screen for any other gynecologic cancer.
- The HPV test looks for HPV—the virus that can cause precancerous cell changes and cervical cancer.
When should I get tested for cervical cancer?
The Pap test is one of the most reliable and effective cancer screening tests available. You
should start getting regular Pap tests at age 21. If your Pap test results are normal, your doctor may say that you will not need another Pap test for three years.
The HPV test can be used to screen for cervical cancer along with the Pap test in women aged 30 years and older. It also is used to provide more information when women aged 21 years and older have unclear Pap test results.
If you are age 30 or older, you may choose to have an HPV test along with the Pap test. If the results are normal, your chance of getting cervical cancer in the next few years is very low. Your doctor may then say that you can wait up to five years for your next screening.
For women aged 21-65, it is important to continue getting a Pap test as directed by your doctor even if you think you are too old to have a child or are not having sex anymore. However, your doctor may tell you that you do not need to have a Pap test if either of these is true for you:
- You are older than 65 and have had normal Pap test results for several years.
- You have had your cervix removed as part of a total hysterectomy for non-cancerous conditions, like fibroids.
What raises a woman’s chance of getting cervical cancer?
Almost all cervical cancers are caused by HPV. You are more likely to get HPV if you started having sex at an early age, or if you or your partner have had sex with several others. However, any woman who has ever had sex is at risk for HPV.
There are many types of HPV. Usually HPV will go away on its own, but if it does not, it may cause cervical cancer over time.
In addition to having HPV, these things also can increase your risk of cervical cancer:
- Smoking.
- Having HIV (the virus that causesAIDS) or another condition that makes it hard for your body to
fight off health problems.
- Using birth control pills for a long time (five or more years).
- Having given birth to three or more children.
How can I prevent cervical cancer?
- Get the HPV vaccine. It protects against the types of HPV that most often cause cervical, vaginal,and vulvar cancers. It is given in a series of three shots. • See your doctor regularly for a Pap test that can find cervical precancers.
- Follow up with your doctor, if your Pap test results are not normal.
- Don’t smoke.
- Use condoms during sex.*
Cervical cancer vaccine: Who needs it, how it works
Two cervical cancer vaccines have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved — Gardasil, , and Cervarix. Both vaccines can prevent most cases of cervical cancer if given before a girl or woman is exposed to the virus
The cervical cancer vaccine is recommended for women between age 9 to 45 years. Both vaccines are given as a series of three injections over a six-month period. The second dose is given one to two months after the first dose, and the third dose is given six months after the first dose.
Does the cervical cancer vaccine offer benefits if you’re already sexually active?
Yes. It’s possible that, even if you already have HPV, you could still benefit from the vaccine. However, Gardasil and Cervarix don’t treat HPV infection and only protect you from specific strains of HPV to which you haven’t been exposed.
What should I do if my doctor says I have cervical cancer?
If your doctor says that you have cervical cancer, ask to be referred to a gynecologic oncologist—a doctor who has been trained to treat cancers like this. This doctor will work with you to create a treatment plan.